Reference

Automobile Encyclopedia

In-depth reference entries across eighteen subject areas, plus landmark machines and engineering pioneers.

Landmark Machines

  1. Landmark Machine

    Benz Patent-Motorwagen

    13 min
  2. Landmark Machine

    Ford Model T

    11 min
  3. Landmark Machine

    Volkswagen Beetle

    13 min
  4. Landmark Machine

    Mini (1959)

    13 min
  5. Landmark Machine

    Citroën DS

    12 min
  6. Landmark Machine

    Porsche 911

    11 min
  7. Landmark Machine

    Toyota Prius

    13 min
  8. Landmark Machine

    Nissan Leaf

    13 min
  9. Landmark Machine

    Tesla Model S

    15 min
  10. Landmark Machine

    McLaren F1

    12 min
  11. Landmark Machine

    Bugatti Veyron

    12 min
  12. Landmark Machine

    Ferrari F40

    11 min
  13. Landmark Machine

    Honda NSX

    12 min
  14. Landmark Machine

    Mazda MX-5

    12 min
  15. Landmark Machine

    Mercedes-Benz S-Class

    12 min
  16. Landmark Machine

    Tata Nano

    13 min
  17. Landmark Machine

    Formula One ground-effect car

    14 min
  18. Landmark Machine

    Le Mans prototype

    12 min

Pioneers

  1. Pioneer

    Karl Benz

    12 min
  2. Pioneer

    Gottlieb Daimler

    13 min
  3. Pioneer

    Henry Ford

    14 min
  4. Pioneer

    Rudolf Diesel

    13 min
  5. Pioneer

    Ferdinand Porsche

    12 min
  6. Pioneer

    Soichiro Honda

    13 min
  7. Pioneer

    Kiichiro Toyoda

    151 min

01 · History & Evolution of the Automobile

  1. Encyclopedia

    History of human transportation

    12 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Horse-drawn vehicles

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Early mechanical transportation

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Steam-powered automobiles

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Invention of the internal combustion engine

    13 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Karl Benz and the early automobile

    12 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Gottlieb Daimler

    11 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Henry Ford

    14 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Mass production

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Development of automotive manufacturing

    12 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Evolution of automobile design

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    European automotive engineering

    12 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    American automotive engineering

    12 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Japanese automotive engineering

    12 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Indian automotive engineering

    12 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Evolution of sports cars

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    History of motorsport

    12 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Electric vehicle history

    13 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    The automobile industry today

    12 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Future transportation

    13 min
  21. Encyclopedia

    Include detailed historical timelines, engineering breakthroughs, influential vehicles and

    13 min

02 · Mathematics for Automotive Engineers

  1. Encyclopedia

    Engineering units

    14 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Algebra

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Geometry

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Trigonometry

    11 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Vectors

    12 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Calculus

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Differential equations

    11 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Linear algebra

    10 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Numerical methods

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Probability

    12 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Statistics

    12 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Optimization

    12 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Mathematical modelling

    14 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Engineering computation

    11 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    MATLAB and Python applications

    11 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Dimensional analysis

    12 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Data interpretation

    14 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Explain How Mathematics Is Used in Actual

    13 min

03 · Physics & Engineering Mechanics

  1. Encyclopedia

    Newton’s laws

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Motion

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Velocity

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Acceleration

    12 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Force

    12 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Work

    12 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Energy

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Power

    12 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Momentum

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Torque

    13 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Rotational dynamics

    12 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Inertia

    14 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Friction

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Vibrations

    14 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Oscillations

    12 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Thermodynamics

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Heat transfer

    13 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Fluid mechanics

    13 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Electricity and magnetism

    13 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Connect Every Fundamental Principle to

    13 min

04 · Automotive Materials Science

  1. Encyclopedia

    Steel

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Aluminium

    12 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Magnesium

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Titanium

    12 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Carbon fibre

    13 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Composite materials

    11 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Polymers

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Ceramics

    11 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Glass

    12 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Rubber

    14 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Adhesives

    14 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Material strength

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Fatigue

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Fracture

    12 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Corrosion

    14 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Heat treatment

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Material selection

    14 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Lightweight engineering

    12 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Sustainable materials

    14 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Advanced manufacturing materials

    13 min

05 · Internal Combustion Engines

  1. Encyclopedia

    Engine fundamentals

    14 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Two-stroke engines

    15 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Four-stroke engines

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Otto cycle

    12 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Diesel cycle

    13 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Atkinson cycle

    14 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Miller cycle

    14 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Engine displacement

    11 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Compression ratio

    12 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Combustion chambers

    13 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Pistons

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Connecting rods

    14 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Crankshafts

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Camshafts

    14 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Valvetrains

    12 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Engine blocks

    14 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Cylinder heads

    13 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Fuel injection

    12 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Ignition systems

    13 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Engine lubrication

    13 min
  21. Encyclopedia

    Engine cooling

    14 min
  22. Encyclopedia

    Combustion efficiency

    13 min
  23. Encyclopedia

    Engine thermodynamics

    13 min
  24. Encyclopedia

    Engine performance

    14 min
  25. Encyclopedia

    Engine reliability

    13 min
  26. Encyclopedia

    Engine emissions

    12 min

06 · Advanced Engine Technologies

  1. Encyclopedia

    Turbocharging

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Supercharging

    12 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Intercooling

    14 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Variable valve timing

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Variable valve lift

    13 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Direct injection

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Variable compression

    14 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Cylinder deactivation

    13 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Engine management

    12 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Performance tuning

    11 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Engine mapping

    12 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Knock and detonation

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    High-performance engines

    11 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Rotary engines

    13 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Opposed-piston engines

    13 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Alternative combustion architectures

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Hydrogen combustion

    13 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Synthetic fuels

    12 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Advanced combustion research

    12 min

07 · Automotive Transmissions & Drivetrains

  1. Encyclopedia

    Manual transmissions

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Automatic transmissions

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Dual-clutch transmissions

    12 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Continuously variable transmissions

    12 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Sequential transmissions

    13 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Gear ratios

    14 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Clutches

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Torque converters

    13 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Differentials

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Limited-slip differentials

    13 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Driveshafts

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Axles

    14 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Front-wheel drive

    12 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Rear-wheel drive

    13 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    All-wheel drive

    12 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Four-wheel drive

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Torque vectoring

    12 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Drivetrain efficiency

    12 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Transmission control

    13 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Gearbox engineering

    14 min

08 · Vehicle Dynamics

  1. Encyclopedia

    Longitudinal dynamics

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Lateral dynamics

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Vertical dynamics

    14 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Weight distribution

    15 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Centre of gravity

    14 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Weight transfer

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Traction

    14 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Grip

    12 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Understeer

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Oversteer

    13 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Yaw

    16 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Pitch

    14 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Roll

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Cornering forces

    14 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Tire slip angles

    15 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Tire load sensitivity

    14 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Acceleration

    12 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Braking

    14 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Handling

    15 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Stability

    13 min
  21. Encyclopedia

    Ride dynamics

    16 min
  22. Encyclopedia

    Vehicle dynamics modelling

    13 min
  23. Encyclopedia

    Include Mathematical Models and Worked

    12 min

09 · Suspension Engineering

  1. Encyclopedia

    Suspension fundamentals

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Springs

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Dampers

    14 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Shock absorbers

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    MacPherson struts

    12 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Double wishbone suspension

    14 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Multi-link suspension

    12 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Solid axles

    13 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Torsion beams

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Anti-roll bars

    15 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Air suspension

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Adaptive suspension

    12 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Active suspension

    14 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Suspension geometry

    15 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Camber

    14 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Caster

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Toe

    14 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Roll centres

    13 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Bump steer

    14 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Ride comfort

    14 min
  21. Encyclopedia

    Suspension tuning

    13 min

10 · Steering Systems

  1. Encyclopedia

    Steering geometry

    14 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Ackermann steering

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Rack-and-pinion systems

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Hydraulic power steering

    14 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Electric power steering

    15 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Steer-by-wire

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Four-wheel steering

    12 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Steering feedback

    15 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Steering ratio

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Turning radius

    14 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Steering dynamics

    16 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Steering system safety

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Autonomous steering control

    16 min

11 · Braking Engineering

  1. Encyclopedia

    Braking physics

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Disc brakes

    12 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Drum brakes

    14 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Hydraulic braking

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Brake force distribution

    12 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Brake bias

    15 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Anti-lock braking systems

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Electronic brakeforce distribution

    15 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Brake-by-wire

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Regenerative braking

    12 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Brake cooling

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Brake fade

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Brake materials

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Carbon-ceramic brakes

    13 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Motorsport braking

    15 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Stopping-distance calculations

    10 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Brake system reliability

    14 min

12 · Tires & Wheel Engineering

  1. Encyclopedia

    Tire construction

    15 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Tire compounds

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Tire geometry

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Contact patches

    15 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Rolling resistance

    13 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Tire pressure

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Tire temperature

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Tire wear

    14 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Tire slip

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Tire force models

    15 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Wet-weather performance

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Racing slicks

    15 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Road tires

    14 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Wheel construction

    14 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Alloy wheels

    13 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Forged wheels

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Unsprung mass

    13 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Tire testing

    14 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Tire performance optimization

    14 min

13 · Automotive Aerodynamics

  1. Encyclopedia

    Fluid dynamics

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Airflow around automobiles

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Drag coefficient

    14 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Frontal area

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Aerodynamic drag

    15 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Lift

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Downforce

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Boundary layers

    13 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Flow separation

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Turbulence

    13 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Diffusers

    12 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Splitters

    14 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Spoilers

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Wings

    15 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Underbody aerodynamics

    13 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Ground effect

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Cooling aerodynamics

    14 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Wind tunnel testing

    14 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Computational fluid dynamics

    14 min
  20. Encyclopedia

    Active aerodynamics

    13 min
  21. Encyclopedia

    Motorsport aerodynamic design

    13 min
  22. Encyclopedia

    Connect This Module to Flying Sikh’s Existing

    14 min

14 · Vehicle Structures & Chassis Design

  1. Encyclopedia

    Vehicle architecture

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Body-on-frame construction

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Unibody construction

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Spaceframes

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Monocoques

    14 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Carbon-fibre tubs

    12 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Structural rigidity

    16 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Torsional stiffness

    15 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Crash structures

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Load paths

    14 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Structural analysis

    14 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Finite element analysis

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Fatigue

    14 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Lightweight design

    14 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Chassis optimization

    14 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Motorsport chassis engineering

    13 min

15 · Automotive Electrical & Electronic Systems

  1. Encyclopedia

    Automotive electricity

    13 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Batteries

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Alternators

    15 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Starter motors

    15 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Wiring harnesses

    14 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Sensors

    13 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Actuators

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Electronic control units

    14 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    CAN bus

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    LIN

    14 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Automotive Ethernet

    12 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Power distribution

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Lighting

    13 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Instrumentation

    14 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Diagnostics

    14 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Embedded electronics

    14 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Electrical safety

    14 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Vehicle network architecture

    13 min

16 · Automotive Software & Control Systems

  1. Encyclopedia

    Embedded software

    12 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Real-time systems

    14 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Engine control

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Transmission control

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Vehicle stability control

    14 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Traction control

    12 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Electronic suspension control

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Model-based design

    13 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Control theory

    13 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    PID controllers

    13 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    State estimation

    14 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Software-defined vehicles

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Over-the-air updates

    12 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Automotive operating systems

    15 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    AUTOSAR

    13 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    Software testing

    13 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Automotive cybersecurity

    13 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    Functional safety

    12 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Secure vehicle architecture

    15 min

17 · Electric Vehicle Engineering

  1. Encyclopedia

    Electric vehicle architecture

    14 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Electric motors

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Motor characteristics

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Torque curves

    13 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Power electronics

    14 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Inverters

    14 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    DC-DC converters

    13 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Battery packs

    12 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Battery management systems

    14 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Regenerative braking

    12 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Thermal management

    13 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Charging

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Fast charging

    14 min
  14. Encyclopedia

    Vehicle efficiency

    13 min
  15. Encyclopedia

    Range estimation

    13 min
  16. Encyclopedia

    High-voltage safety

    14 min
  17. Encyclopedia

    Electric drivetrain engineering

    13 min
  18. Encyclopedia

    EV performance

    13 min
  19. Encyclopedia

    Electric vehicle reliability

    13 min

18 · Hybrid & Alternative Powertrains

  1. Encyclopedia

    Mild hybrids

    12 min
  2. Encyclopedia

    Full hybrids

    13 min
  3. Encyclopedia

    Plug-in hybrids

    13 min
  4. Encyclopedia

    Series hybrids

    16 min
  5. Encyclopedia

    Parallel hybrids

    14 min
  6. Encyclopedia

    Power-split hybrids

    14 min
  7. Encyclopedia

    Energy management

    12 min
  8. Encyclopedia

    Fuel-cell vehicles

    12 min
  9. Encyclopedia

    Hydrogen systems

    12 min
  10. Encyclopedia

    Alternative fuels

    14 min
  11. Encyclopedia

    Biofuels

    12 min
  12. Encyclopedia

    Synthetic fuels

    13 min
  13. Encyclopedia

    Powertra

    12 min